Understanding Lymphedema | Nevada Cancer Coalition

03 March, 2025

Learning Center

By Alexandra Clark

Lymphedema is a condition that can significantly impact the quality of life for many individuals, especially those who have undergone cancer treatments. This often misunderstood and underdiagnosed condition occurs when the lymphatic system is damaged or blocked, leading to a buildup of lymph fluid in the body's tissues. In this guide, we'll explore the signs and symptoms, causes, risk factors, and challenges associated with lymphedema.

Signs and Symptoms

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of lymphedema is crucial for early detection and management. The most common and noticeable symptom is swelling, typically in an arm or leg, which may extend to the fingers and toes. This swelling can cause a feeling of heaviness or fullness in the affected limb. Many patients report a tight feeling in their skin, which may become thickened over time.

Another telltale sign is the difficulty in seeing superficial veins that were previously visible or are visible on the unaffected limb. This is due to the accumulation of fluid beneath the skin. Patients often experience discomfort when wearing clothing, shoes, or accessories like bracelets, watches, or rings, as the swelling can make these items feel unusually tight.

Some individuals with lymphedema may notice changes in their skin condition. Itching and dryness are common, particularly in the affected arms, legs, or toes. A burning sensation in the legs may also occur, though it's important to note that this is distinct from neuropathy, another condition that can cause similar sensations. In some cases, there may even be hair loss in the affected area.

Cancer Treatments and Lymphedema

Several cancer treatments can potentially lead to the development of lymphedema. Surgery, especially when it involves the removal of lymph nodes, is a common cause. Radiotherapy targeting lymph nodes or nearby areas can also damage the lymphatic system, increasing the risk of lymphedema. Often, a combination of surgery and radiotherapy is used in cancer treatment, which can compound the risk.

Other cancer treatments that may contribute to lymphedema include chemotherapy, targeted cancer drugs, and immunotherapy. While these treatments are essential in fighting cancer, they can sometimes have unintended effects on the lymphatic system.

Risk Factors

The likelihood of developing lymphedema depends on various factors.

Depends on the type and location of your cancer and the treatments you have
Having an infection
Healing slowly after surgery
Having lymph nodes removed
Past surgeries or radiation
Having advanced cancer
Being overweight or obese

Challenges of Lymph Node Removal

While the removal of lymph nodes is often necessary for cancer treatment and staging, it can present several challenges. One of the most significant is an increased susceptibility to infections in the affected area. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in immune function, and its disruption can leave the body more vulnerable to pathogens.

Patients who have undergone lymph node removal may also experience nerve damage, leading to numbness, tingling, or pain. Range of motion in the affected limb can be reduced, impacting daily activities and quality of life. Some individuals may develop a buildup of fluid called a seroma, which may require drainage.

The psychological burden of lymphedema should not be underestimated. Many patients struggle with body image issues and the lifestyle changes necessitated by the condition. Pain and discomfort can be ongoing challenges, affecting sleep, work, and social interactions.

Seeking Treatment

For those seeking treatment for lymphedema, it's essential to consult with a specialist. Early intervention can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment often involves a combination of approaches, including manual lymphatic drainage, compression garments, exercise, and skin care.

The Breastcancer.org website offers valuable resources for finding lymphedema specialists and exploring treatment options. It's important for patients to be proactive in their care and to communicate openly with their healthcare team about any symptoms or concerns.

Conclusion

Understanding lymphedema is crucial for those at risk or currently managing the condition. By recognizing the signs, understanding the causes, and being aware of the challenges, individuals can take proactive steps in their care. While lymphedema can be a challenging condition to live with, advances in treatment and management strategies offer hope for improved quality of life. Always consult with healthcare professionals for personalized advice and treatment plans, as they can provide the most up-to-date and relevant information for your specific situation.

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